This relates to AI, machine learning, statisitcal learning, and statistics, and includes visualization as well as analysis techinques. In addition to the utilization of existing advanced techniques, the development of new analytical tools is crucial to permit the analysis of large, complex and evolving data types.

This relates to the collection of structured and unstructured measures and data that is manually or electronically captured. When concerned about creation of data, the skills and expertise needed relates to the development or integration of methodologies for capturing information, for example, how to improve survey taking, the development of recording devices, and the capturing information.

This relates to work done to get access to data that have been collected by third party sources (for example, businesses or governments). Activities related to collection include database development, the tracking of data use, and activities related to data collection and gaining access to data.

This relates to things like innovations tied to data storage (for example, server capacity, cloud solutions, secure housing of data), data archiving, data curation, and data access. The efficient use of servers and network infrastructures, the development of firmware, software, and processes all relate to data management.

This relates to the use of measures from primary and secondary data sources to create data sets to permit analysis. Before data can be analyzed, many issues must be addressed, including assessing the data quality, identifying rules for data development, transformation of information, liking of records, de-identification and encryption of records/measures, and archiving.